Characteristics of the Symbolist Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qualities of the Symbolist Movement - Essay Example The symbolist workmanship not just connected itself with a fundamental corpus of basic and hypothetical composition, yet in addition a verse situated artistic yield. This realized a combination of writing and workmanship, building up a usual way of doing things for craftsmanship developments around the globe during the twentieth century. The style of craftsmanship likewise prompted the eradication of the old implications by making new systems of implications that refreshed the fantasy and translation of sources. Symbolist workmanship accomplished this by combining fanciful and strict subjects through such figures like Orpheus and Salome. Another character of the style was the aggressor hostile to academicism accomplished through ‘secessionist’ associations in 1890s, which agreed with progression of the arrangement of display. Symbolist workmanship advanced the predominance of spirits of the then enemy of innovation. This implies the style dismissed naturalism, positivism, and realism, coming about to the summit of the 1910 craftsmanship piece, The Oath against Modernism (130). The convention of optimism was the establishment mainstay of the symbolist workmanship style, along these lines a significant part of the craftsmanship and writing had relationship with the ideas of vision as well as Satanism. Amon g the most loved subject of symbolist workmanship were otherworldly practices, debauchery, love, sin, passing, strict emotions.

Rama Essay -- essays research papers

Out of the considerable number of characters referenced in Hindu folklore, the character of Rama is one of the most well known ones. It would likely be a troublesome errand to locate a Hindu who is curious about with this legend or his adventures. He is the primary hero of the Ramayana, despite everything viewed as one of the best Indian legends all things considered. Till date his story is instructed in schools in India as history and to impart ethical quality in youngsters. Gauges set by him, however difficult to accomplish, are ones that are spread out for men in the network to follow. There is no doubt among the psyches of individuals today that he is divine. What is it about Rama that made him arrive at the status that he holds today? The majority of what we think about Rama originates from the Ramayana. In spite of the fact that various Ramayanas have been composed, researchers concur that the most punctual adaptation is by all accounts that composed by Valmiki. Almost certainly, Valmiki’s Ramayana experienced changes and was reproduced at a specific time or has had modifications made at various occasions. A few parts of the first sonnet were evacuated and different new ones included. Researchers think that its difficult to figure out which bits were a piece of the first and which ones are increments to it. These progressions surely achieved fascinating results. The position that the brave Rama holds inside Pan-Indian custom has experienced numerous paradigmatic structures accordingly. The changing Ramayanas and ideas of Rama mirror a changing social example among...

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What the GMAT Really Tests

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What the GMAT Really Tests With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. The GMAT is not a math test. Nor is it a grammar test. Sure, you have to know something (well, a lot of things!) about these topics to get a good score, but this exam is really testing your  executive reasoning  skills. The term might be unfamiliar, but you already haveâ€"and useâ€"these skills every day. Consider: You arrive at work in the morning and think about all of the things that you could do that day. You cannot get it all done, so which things will have to wait until this afternoon or tomorrow or next week? Which one thing should you start working on first? You have a choice between working on Product X or Project Y. Project Y will result in about 5% more revenue to the company, but Project Y will also take 50% longer. Which do you do? None of those decisions are easy ones (and many would likely require more information than I gave in the little scenario). This complex decision making is exactly what a good executive needs to be able to do wellâ€"and  this is what the test writers and business schools actually care about. How does that help me take the test? A great decision maker has both expertise and experience: she has thought about  how  to make various kinds of decisions, and she has actually practiced and refined these decision-making processes. While the clock is ticking, she does not hesitate to make a decision and move forward, knowing that she is going to be leaving some opportunities behind. If you know how the GMAT works, and you know what kinds of trade-offs to think about when deciding how to spend your time, then you can learn how to make the best decisions to maximize your score. Okay, how does the GMAT work? Glad you asked. I talk to students nearly every day who tell me that they just cannot give up on a question, or they figure that, if they “know” they can get something right, they might as well take the time to get it right, even when that means running out of time later on. (Note: I put “know” in question marks there because… well, you do not  really  know. In fact, the longer we spend, the more likely we are to get stuff wrong.) So here is what you need to do: you need to grow up. I am not saying “Oh, grow up!” in a harsh way. I am saying that you need to graduate from school. The way that we were trained to do things in school is often  not  the way things work in the real world. You already know thisâ€"you learned it when you got out into the working world. In school, you are supposed to do what the professors assign. At work, you are supposed to think for yourself. So get yourself out of school. Graduate to the real world. Approach the GMAT as a test of your business ability and decision-making skills. Graduation day If you can graduate to the business mind-set, you will have a much better shot at hitting your goal score. If you stick with the “school” mind-set, then you are almost certainly not going to get the score you want. So, first, keep reminding yourself that the GMAT is a decision-making test,  not  an academic test. React accordingly. Next, the two articles  â€œIn It to Win It”  and  â€œBut I Studied This â€" I  Should  Know How to Do It!”  will also help you make this mental switch. Follow those up by educating yourself on the subject of  time management. Great businesspeople know how to manage their time and make trade-off decisions; great GMAT test takers have this same skill. Finally, remember that your ability to get better hinges on your ability to analyze your own thought processes and the test questions themselves. Your goal is not academic. Your goal is to learn how to think. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact What the GMAT Really Tests With  regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. The GMAT is not a math test. Nor is it a grammar test. Sure, you have to know something (well, a lot of things!) about these topics to get a good score, but this exam is really testing your  executive reasoning  skills. The term might be unfamiliar, but you already haveâ€"and useâ€"these skills every day. Consider: You arrive at work in the morning and think about all of the things that you could do that day. You cannot get it all done, so which things will have to wait until this afternoon or tomorrow or next week? Which one thing should you start working on first? You have a choice between working on Project X or Project Y. Project Y will result in about 5% more revenue to the company, but Project Y will also take 50% longer. Which do you do? None of those decisions are easy ones (and many would likely require more information than I gave in the little scenario). This complex decision making is exactly what a good executive needs to be able to do wellâ€"and  this is what the test writers and business schools actually care about. How does that help me take the test? A great decision maker has both expertise and experience: she has thought about  how  to make various kinds of decisions, and she has actually practiced and refined these decision-making processes. While the clock is ticking, she does not hesitate to make a decision and move forward, knowing that she is going to be leaving some opportunities behind. If you know how the GMAT works, and you know what kinds of trade-offs to think about when deciding how to spend your time, then you can learn how to make the best decisions to maximize your score. Okay, how does the GMAT work? Glad you asked. I talk to students nearly every day who tell me that they just cannot give up on a question, or they figure that, if they “know” they can get something right, they might as well take the time to get it right, even when that means running out of time later on. (Note: I put “know” in question marks there because… well, you do not  really  know. In fact, the longer we spend, the more likely we are to get stuff wrong.) So here is what you need to do: you need to grow up. I am not saying “Oh, grow up!” in a harsh way. I am saying that you need to graduate from school. The way that we were trained to do things in school is often  not  the way things work in the real world. You already know thisâ€"you learned it when you got out into the working world. In school, you are supposed to do what the professors assign. At work, you are supposed to think for yourself. So get yourself out of school. Graduate to the real world. Approach the GMAT as a test of your business ability and decision-making skills. Graduation day If you can graduate to the business mind-set, you will have a much better shot at hitting your goal score. If you stick with the “school” mind-set, then you are almost certainly not going to get the score you want. So, first, keep reminding yourself that the GMAT is a decision-making test,  not  an academic test. React accordingly. Next, the two articles  â€œIn It to Win It”  and  â€œBut I Studied This â€" I  Should  Know How to Do It!”  will also help you make this mental switch. Follow those up by educating yourself on the subject of  time management. Great businesspeople know how to manage their time and make trade-off decisions; great GMAT test takers have this same skill. Finally, remember that your ability to get better hinges on your ability to analyze your own thought processes and the test questions themselves. Your goal is not academic. Your goal is to learn how to think. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact What the GMAT Really Tests When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. The GMAT is not a math test. Nor is it a grammar test. Sure, you have to know something (well, a lot of things!) about these topics to get a good score, but this exam is really testing your executive reasoning skills. The term might be unfamiliar, but you already haveâ€"and useâ€"these skills every day. Consider: You arrive at work in the morning and think about all of the things that you could do that day. You cannot get it all done, so which things will have to wait until this afternoon or tomorrow or next week? Which one thing should you start working on first? You have a choice between working on Product X or Project Y. Project Y will result in about 5% more revenue to the company, but Project Y will also take 50% longer. Which do you do? None of those decisions are easy ones (and many would likely require more information than I gave in the little scenario). This complex decision making is exactly what a good executive needs to be able to do wellâ€"and this is what the test writers and business schools actually care about. How does that help me take the test? A great decision maker has both expertise and experience: she has thought about how to make various kinds of decisions, and she has actually practiced and refined these decision-making processes. While the clock is ticking, she does not hesitate to make a decision and move forward, knowing that she is going to be leaving some opportunities behind. If you know how the GMAT works, and you know what kinds of trade-offs to think about when deciding how to spend your time, then you can learn how to make the best decisions to maximize your score. Okay, how does the GMAT work? Glad you asked. I talk to students nearly every day who tell me that they just cannot give up on a question, or they figure that, if they “know” they can get something right, they might as well take the time to get it right, even when that means running out of time later on. (Note: I put “know” in question marks there because… well, you do not really know. In fact, the longer we spend, the more likely we are to get stuff wrong.) So here is what you need to do: you need to grow up. I am not saying “Oh, grow up!” in a harsh way. I am saying that you need to graduate from school. The way that we were trained to do things in school is often not the way things work in the real world. You already know thisâ€"you learned it when you got out into the working world. In school, you are supposed to do what the professors assign. At work, you are supposed to think for yourself. So get yourself out of school. Graduate to the real world. Approach the GMAT as a test of your business ability and decision-making skills. Graduation day If you can graduate to the business mind-set, you will have a much better shot at hitting your goal score. If you stick with the “school” mind-set, then you are almost certainly not going to get the score you want. So, first, keep reminding yourself that the GMAT is a decision-making test, not an academic test. React accordingly. Next, the two articles In It to Win It and But I Studied This â€" I Should Know How to Do It will also help you make this mental switch. Follow those up by educating yourself on the subject of time management. Great business people know how to manage their time and make trade-off decisions; great GMAT test takers have this same skill. Finally, remember that your ability to get better hinges on your ability to analyze your own thought processes and the test questions themselves. Your goal is not academic. Your goal is to learn how to think. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England

Catherine Howard (c. 1523–February 13, 1542) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. During her brief marriage, she was officially the Queen of England. Howard was beheaded for adultery and unchastity in 1542. Fast Facts: Catherine Howard Known For: Howard was briefly the Queen of England; her husband Henry VIII ordered her to be beheaded for adultery.Born: 1523 in London, EnglandParents: Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce CulpeperDied: February 13, 1542 in London, EnglandSpouse: King Henry VIII (m. 1540) Early Life Catherine Howard was born in London, England, sometime around 1523. Her parents were  Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce Culpeper. In 1531, through the influence of his niece Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was placed in the care of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her fathers stepmother.  Howard lived with Agnes Tilney at Chesworth House and then at Norfolk House. She was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilneys supervision—and that supervision was notably loose.  Howards education, which included reading and writing and music, was directed by Tilney. Youthful Indiscretions About 1536, while living with Tilney at Chesworth House, Howard had a sexual relationship with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Tilney reportedly struck Howard when she caught the two together. Manox followed her to Norfolk House and tried to continue a relationship. Manox was eventually replaced in young Howards affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary and relative. Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Howards former love. Howard and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other husband and wife and promising marriage—what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Manox heard gossip of the relationship and jealously reported it to Agnes Tilney. When Dereham saw the warning note, he guessed it had been written by Manox, which implies that Dereham knew of Howards relationship with him.  Tilney again struck her granddaughter for her behavior and sought to end the relationship. Howard was sent to court, and  Dereham went to Ireland. At Court Howard was to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIIIs newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves, soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henrys advisors.  Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December 1539, and Henry may have first seen Howard at that event. At court, she caught the kings attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Howard, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. He then married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromwell, who had arranged the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, was executed. Howard was publicly made queen on August 8. Early the next year, Howard began a flirtation—perhaps more—with one of Henrys favorites, Thomas Culpeper, who was also a distant relative on her mothers side and who had a reputation for lechery. Arranging their clandestine meetings was Howards lady of the privy chamber, Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, widow of George Boleyn who had been executed with his sister Anne Boleyn. Only Lady Rochford and Katherine Tilney were permitted into Howards rooms when Culpeper was present. Whether Culpeper and Howard were lovers or whether she was pressured by him but did not acquiesce to his sexual advances is unknown. Howard was even more reckless than to pursue that relationship; she brought her old lovers Manox and Dereham to court as well, as her musician and secretary. Dereham bragged about their relationship, and she may have made the appointments in an attempt to silence them about their past. Charges On November 2, 1541, Cranmer confronted Henry with the allegations about Howards indiscretions. Henry at first did not believe the allegations. Dereham and Culpeper confessed to their part in these relationships after being tortured, and Henry abandoned Howard. Cranmer zealously pursued the case against Howard. She was charged with unchastity before her marriage and with concealing her precontract and her indiscretions from the king before their marriage, thereby committing treason. She was also accused of adultery, which for a queen consort was also treason. A number of Howards relatives were also questioned about her past, and some were charged with treasonous acts for concealing her sexual past. These relatives were all pardoned, though some lost their property. On November 23, Howards title of queen was stripped from her. Culpeper and Dereham were executed on December 10 and their heads displayed on London Bridge. Death On January 21, 1542, Parliament passed a bill of attainder making Howards actions an executable offense. She was taken to the Tower of London on February 10, Henry signed the bill of attainder, and she was executed on the morning of February 13. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, also beheaded for treason, Howard was buried without any marker in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. During Queen Victorias reign in the 19th century, both bodies were exhumed and identified, and their resting places were marked. Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, was also beheaded. She was  buried with Howard. Legacy Historians and scholars have struggled to reach a consensus about Howard, with some describing her as a deliberate troublemaker and others characterizing her as an innocent victim of King Henrys rages. Howard has been depicted in a variety of plays, films, and television series, including The Private Life of Henry VIII and The Tudors. Ford Madox Ford wrote a fictionalized version of her life in the novel The Fifth Queen. Sources Crawford, Anne.  Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547. Alan Sutton, 1994.Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. 1993.Weir, Alison.  The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

The Concepts Of Software Engineering - 2189 Words

ABSTRACT Today Software engineering is the most promising and advanced fields in the market. So certain methodologies should be applied to make it a persistent and ever developing in the coming future. This term paper mainly concentrates on the Case Methods, which provide not only knowledge of software engineering but also the problem solving and thinking ability among the practitioners. Introducing the concepts of software Engineering in Educational institutions creates awareness among the students not only with the knowledge of the subject but also the problems faced in the real world, which further reduces the burden when they enter the software industry. This paper focuses on features of Case Methods, their importance and benefits to individuals who practice them. INTRODUCTION Software Engineering is the way of employing engineering concepts and methods to analyze the requirements and then design, implement, test and maintain the software (Laplante 2007). According to Differencebetween.info, in order to perform the above tasks, a software engineer has to have a complete knowledge of everything right from understanding the need of software (its end users, applications of the software, its limitations etc.) to the programming language that is best suited for development of software and the right way of testing it. So, a software engineer should be well versed with technological advancements, computer architecture and hardware. 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Depicting the Unattainable American Dream in The Great...

The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, depicts that the American Dream is unattainable. The novel portrays the ignorance of society after the war. The Great Gatsby was published in 1925 after World War I had ended. Americans, at the time, lived in an illusion to try to forget about the war, thus, the American Dream was very appealing to Americans. The American Dream set an illusion that allowed Americans to believe that one could change the past and â€Å"re-do† the mistakes all over again. The setting in the novel places a timeline that Fitzgerald has written to let the readers know that during the 1920s, many various objects were put into place such as bootlegging and women becoming â€Å"flappers†. Bootlegging appeared in the 1920s because of prohibition where one could not sell alcohol or drink alcohol. Women were also changing the way that they dressed as well as the type of hairstyle women wore, thus, some women became known as flappers. 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Edna Pontellier8217s Ultimate Success or Defeat in Essay Example For Students

Edna Pontellier8217s Ultimate Success or Defeat in Essay In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, written approximately one hundred years ago, the protagonist Edna Pontellier’s fate is resolved when she â€Å"deliberately swims out to her death in the gulf†(Public Opinion, np).Her own suicide is indeed considered as a small, almost nonexistent victory by many, nevertheless there are those who consider her death anything but insignificant. Taking into consideration that â€Å"her inability to articulate her feelings and analyze her situation unattainable happiness results in her act of suicide†(Muirhead, np) portrays Edna as being incapable of achieving a release from her restricted womanhood as imposed by society. Others state that the final scene of the novel entirely symbolizes and realizes Edna’s victory on a â€Å"society that sees their women’s primary value in their biological functions as wives and mothers†(Kate Chopin, np). In short, The Awakening is the tragic story of a woman who in a summer of her twenty-eighth year, found herself and struggled to do what she wanted to do; be happy. Although â€Å"from wanting to, she did, with disastrous consequences†(Recent Novels 96). For those who wanted it to be a truly, and ironically, life achieving instead of life ending end, it was. But those who disagreed with Chopin’s choice ending found themselves losing some sleep over another magnificent author gone wrong (96). Various readers and reviewers alike found the ending to be sold short and unsatisfactory since it did not deliver the promise of a rewarding happy life to the protagonist who so valiantly endured her obstacles throughout the novel. Had she lived by Prof. William James’ advice to do one thing a day one does not want to do in Creole Society, two would perhaps be better, flirted less and looked after her children more, or even assisted at more accouchements- her chef d’auvre in self denial- we need not have been put to the unpleasantness of reading about her and the temptations she trumped up for herself. (96) Irony plays an inexplicable and majestic part in the conclusion of The Awakening. One can say with confidence that in a story a protagonist, or heroin in this case, is expected to fulfill a happily ever after ending not only from a repetitious guarantee but from the incisive determination by such character, whom through hardships, earned it. Edna Pontellier fails at this although her hardships were anything but insignificant. Furthermore, this irony plays in a different manner since it is clearly engraved as a harsh reality that â€Å"women’s chances for spiritual fulfillment are sadly limited in a society† (Kate Chopin, np) where they are reduced to the value of mere material possessions. Such as the Creole Society was at the time. Kate Chopin’s The Awakening carries this relatively clear social implication through its ironic ending. Using this scenario of social implications, Edna’s choices are obviously limited. Not all pointing to certain death yet unpromising of spiritual fulfillment, the decisions which Edna faces might have made more sense in the end but also might have delivered more negative reactions. As explained by Carley Rees Bogard: Chopinhadshown the onlychoicesavailable-consuming life of Adele Ratignolle or the lonely existence of Mlle. Reiz. For Edna these choices are equally impossible; they are compromises of the radical vision she has conceived. She has not the patience or masochism for the former or the ascetic discipline for the latter.(np)The battle of the sexes takes part here. For instance, in the respective situation of a male hero, he is expected by all means to make the choice which Mlle. Reiz has accepted. Yet a heroine is by all means expected to succumb to her weakness, come to her senses, and reenter her the lifestyle of marriage and motherhood in which she would accept her d uties â€Å"like a man†, at least as far as their character development (Bogard, np). â€Å"Edna will choose neither of these alternatives, and that is precisely the point of the book.†(Bogard, np). .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .postImageUrl , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:hover , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:visited , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:active { border:0!important; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:active , .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2 .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4fa7f26e134ff6158a96cf1e9f696dc2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction in South EssayThe ending, as stated earlier, can also be viewed as Edna’s triumph in the sense that she â€Å"returns to the gulf to recapture the sense of freedom that exhilarated her by signaling her independence whenshe learned to swim.†(Eichelberger, np) earlier in the novel. As she swims out away from shore, Edna, like the bird with the broken wing, steadily loses her strength. At this point she is well aware of being â€Å"flawed by her own mortality† (Eichelberger, np). Memories of her early childhood as well as that of Lonce and the children appear in sudden chapters through her mind, but to no avail. â€Å"Assuming the role of the courageous soul, one who dares and defies, she indicates no desire to return or to be rescued† (Eichelberger, np). Realizing that the freedom and happiness she so desperately desired had made her endeavors in vain due to its unavailability as a mortal brings to light her final phase of her awakening (Eichelberger, np). How the setting of the entire novel delivers an array of moods in which the reader is never allowed to wander away far from the water’s edge. â€Å"The way the scene, mood, action, and character are fused reminds one not so much of literature as an impressionist painting, of a Renoir with much of the sweetness missing.†(Eble, np). According to Kenneth Eble:It is not surprising that the sensuous quality of the bookby incidents and symbolic implicationswould have offended contemporary reviewers. What convinced many critics of the indecency of the endingwas that the author obviously sympathized with Mrs. Pontellier. More than that, the readers probably found that she aroused their own sympathies.(np)In the conclusion of the awakening, Edna Pontellier takes her feeling of despondency and molds it into indifference, in turn making her life take on a new feeling of unreality (Bogard, np). Consequently she gives up, with the response of futility, and in the end turns her back to her second conscious awakening; through her own withdrawal at first which then led to her suicide. Her struggle throughout the novel is not melodramatic, nor is it a childish fancy, nor fragile in nature. Throughout the novel it is existent and touching. Kenneth Eble states that â€Å"when she walks into the sea, it does not leave a reader with the sense of sin punished†(np) and the it is her own redefined sense of self-awareness which gives her face and significance. Carley Rees Bogard in contrast makes the strong argument :Because she is so totally alone in the end, because no one understand her desire to redefine herself outside traditional societal roles for women, because no one is meeting her newly felt needs, because she is unwilling to compromise, because she has not yet had time to develop her inner resources to sustain her through such alienation, she is defeated (np.)Edna Pontellier in the end does surrender to her utter inability to mold the world around her, i nstead of the compromising molding of herself, is indeed a obvious defeat. But it was through realization of the life she lived in that she fought for true happiness and found her answer. It, her freedom, was by all means unattainable in the physical world. But through her efforts she reached a subconscious level in which she discovered that her desire was the cause of her suffering and what kept her from being truly happy. Many philosophers agree that life is suffering eased by moments of happiness which they merely speck our lives when a desire is met only to be replaced by another desire. Edna found a release from desire which in her mentality and awareness was the only truly way out. In respect to the novel’s controversial ending, it is best put by Clayton L. Eichelberger when he said â€Å"Whether the denouement of the novel is read literally as the renunciation of the unacceptable restrictions of moral life or interpreted as a symbolic extension of the quest for ultima te freedom, the existential choice of self-determination is implicit.† (np.). .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .postImageUrl , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:hover , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:visited , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:active { border:0!important; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:active , .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027 .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5e1314c5f227d60c479439b738ca027:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tivo Marketing Case Analysis (Hbs) EssayBibliography:â€Å"A Review of The Awakening.† Public Opinion Vol. XXVI, No. 25 (22 June 1899): n. pag. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.comMuirhead, Marion. â€Å"Articulation And Artistry: A Conversational Analysis of The Awakening.† The Southern Literary Journal 33.1 (2000): n. pag. Online. Internet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/slj/33.1muirhead.html â€Å"Kate Chopin.† Gale Group (1999): n. pag. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/SRCâ€Å"Recent Novels: The Awakening.† The Nation Vol. LXIX, No. 1779 (3 Aug. 1899): 96 p p. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRCBogard, Carley R. â€Å"The Awakening: A Refusal To Compromise.† The University of Michigan Papers in Women’s Studies U Vol. II, No. 3 (1977): pp. 15-31. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRCEichelberger, Clayton L. â€Å"The Awakening: Overview.† Reference Guide to American Literature 3rd ed. (1994): n. pag. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRCEble, Kenneth. â€Å"A Forgotten Novel: Kate Chopin’s The Awakening.† Western Humanities Review No. 3 (1956):pp. 261-69. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC

Refferal Case Study for Rheumatoid Arthritis free essay sample

Is an autoimmune disease which can cause chronic inflammation of body`s organs, joints, and the surrounding tissue of the joints. It can be defined as: â€Å"a disease of synovial tissue, i. e. a joint linings, tendons, tendon sheaths and associated structure. So widespread is the inflammatory process that inflammatory nodules may form almost anywhere, the extensor surfaces of the limbs being most common, such as elbow and forearm nodules, but nodules may also form in the lungs and other visceral tissue† (Wright Foundation Exercise referral manual, 2008) The onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis is generally between 45-65 years (Stenstrom Minor, 2003) Specific inclusion criteria –Mild to moderate severity Specific exclusion criteria – Severe severity Depression – â€Å"An illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. We will write a custom essay sample on Refferal Case Study for Rheumatoid Arthritis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (http://www. medterms. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=2947) Specific inclusion criteria –Mild to moderate severity Specific exclusion criteria – Severe severity Additional Information As the client is 66 years of age she will be considered as elderly. Elderly – Whilst aging there is a steady functional decline, cardio-vascular, flexibility and strength. Reduction in functionality could be a possible cause of depression due to a reduction of independence and possible social isolation. (Wright Foundation Exercise referral manual, 2008) Medication Drug: Aceclofenac Drug group: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) Reason for Prescription: Rhematoid Arthritis Desired effect: â€Å"It works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of various chemicals in the body, some of which are known as prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced in response to injury or certain diseases and would otherwise go on to cause pain, swelling and inflammation. Arthritic conditions are one example of this. Aceclofenac is used to relieve pain and inflammation in arthritic condition† (http://www. tiscali. co. uk/lifestyle/healthfitness/health_advice/netdoctor/archive/100004233. tml) Possible side effects: Nausea, Gastro-intestinal discomfort, diarrhoea, hypersensitivity reactions (particularly rashes, angioedema, and bronchospasm headache, dizziness, nervousness, depression, drowsiness, insomnia, vertigo, hearing disturbances such as tinnitus, photosensitivity, and haematuria. Blood disorders have also occurred. Fluid retention may occur (rarely precipitating congestive heart failure); blood pressure may be raised. (http://www. bnf. org. uk/bnf/bnf/current/5183. htm#_5183. 9) Possible effects of drug during exercise: Dizziness during transitions, Bronchospasm during exercise, vertigo can effect balance, photosensitivity may cause skin irritation if outdoors in the sun and hearing disturbances may affect communication. Implications of exercise prescription: Avoid transitions, implement intervals allowing for toilet breaks, if physical activity is outdoor then advise on suitable weather conditions and ensure that instructions are well communicated and understood. Drug: Nortriptyline Group name: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) Reason for Prescription: Depression Desired effect: â€Å"When depression occurs, there may be a decreased amount of the chemicals noradrenaline and serotonin released from nerve cells in the brain. When these chemicals are released from nerve cells they act to lighten mood. When they are reabsorbed into the nerve cells, they no longer have an effect on mood. Nortriptyline works by preventing this re-absorption of noradrenaline and serotonin back into the nerve cells. Therefore, it helps prolong the mood-lightening effect of any released noradrenaline and serotonin†. (http://www. tiscali. co. uk/lifestyle/healthfitness/health_advice/netdoctor/archive/100003239. tml) Possible side effects: â€Å"dry mouth, sedation, blurred vision (disturbance of accommodation, increased intra-ocular pressure), constipation, nausea, difficulty with micturition; cardiovascular side-effects (such as ECG changes, arrhythmias, postural hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, particularly with high doses); sweating, tremor, rashes and hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria, photosensitivity), behavioural disturbances (particularly children), hypomania or mania, confusion or delirium (particularly elderly), headache, interference with sexual function, blood sugar changes; increased appetite and weight gain (occasionally weight loss); endocrine side-effects such as testicular enlargement, gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea; also convulsions (see also Cautions), movement disorders and dyskinesias, dysarthria, paraesthesia, taste disturbances, tinnitus, fever, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, eosinophilia, purpura, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia abnormal liver function tests.

The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela

The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela Free Online Research Papers The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela: Radical Democracy or Just another Authoritarian Regime? Everyone loves to, or at least dreams of living the great American dream one day. Owning a big house, a nice car, have a stable job with a decent amount of income to look after the whole family and of course the man’s best friend of the house, is something to talk out, to the big lawn. Of course, before one can get to the American dream, steps are involved; working an eight hour shift at a gigantic corporate retail environment, and as years pass along, the success of accomplishments are moved up by the ladder, from part time employee to General Manager, yet again even as a General manager, they are still working for someone bigger. All of this involves, capitalism, imperialism, globalization. There is nothing wrong of any sort to have all these incorporated into society in the western culture; it’s something society strives for, no matter where in the western hemisphere. How about in the developing world? Is it the same dream and the same process? Specifically speaking; in Latin America, where authoritarians, military dictatorships and everything else that the United States if fighting with? Why have not societies down south on the American Continent not achieved any technological advancement as much as the societies in the North have? Maybe that is what authoritarianism, or even â€Å"left-wing politics† does to a state, where the elites live well while the poor get worse in the name of equality and social justice. One man, who even made it to the, â€Å"100 most influential People in the World† slot, is seen as a threat to democracy as the United States would love to describe it, is one prime example of wonders done in the political arena, both domestically in Venezuela and internationally, with his Authoritarian regime. Hugo Chavez, is indeed an authoritarian. Who is Hugo Chavez? Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias was born on July 28th, 1954 in the town of Sabaneta, Barinas in Venezuela. He was the second son of two poor schoolteachers, H ugo de los Reyes Chavez and Elena Frias de Chavez, who lived in the rural section of Sabaneta. Hugo and Elena Chavez had always wished for their children to lead a better life than them, hoping that one day they could live in the prosperous cities, escaping the poverty they found themselves in. As schoolteachers, it was only natural for them to view education as the best means of escaping their current situation, so young Hugo and his older brother Adan were urged to take advantage of the education offered to them, and it was a request Hugo fulfilled. However, despite their family’s problems with the political system and the fact that Hugo’s great-grandfather was a renowned rebel leader, Hugo’s parents did not wish him to be a politician, but Hugo Chavez had other plans in life, following the footsteps of his grand father and using his leader and hero; Simà ³n Bolà ­var, as a prime influence in his political life. As it has been mentioned above, Hugo Chavez is indeed running an authoritarian regime. One case of signs that an authoritarian is in power, is when there is an involvement of a single party state. Typically speaking, countries; Canada, United States and other western European countries have elections not only to determine which party or whom is going to run the Nation or State till the next term, but also to have citizens exercise their rights and powers in the electoral systems, which is what makes democracy in full form. Venezuela, under the regime of Hugo Chavez’s authoritarian government, there is neither opportunity nor chances of the citizens to change the government’s system or the country if there is just Hugo Chavez running for elections, with no opposition in place to have chances on winning. Yes, the country does have electoral systems, but in what regards are they placed when it is just going to him winning. â€Å"Recent elections- including the constitutional referendum overturning term limits- suggest that Venezuela is shifting toward competitive authoritarianism. In this type of regime, democratic principles are violated widely and systematically enough to make the prospect of an opposition victory highly unlikely.† Manuel Hidalgo, states the same, in his article; Hugo Chavez’s â€Å"Petro-Socialism†. In fact as he mention above, when the opposition in power has victories that are highly unlikely, how that can be seen democratic, when it contradicts the purpose of democracy. It is a definite form of a variation of authoritarian regime, when democratic policies are violated when it is one party winning in almost every election leaving no choices for the citizens of the state to vote on. Based on the type of regime Hugo Chavez runs, the term that has been coined well after him is, â€Å"Chavismo†. It is the name of a left-wing political ideology, based on Hugo Chavezs ideas, programs and government style. Since the term â€Å"left-wing† has been brought up, it would be better to explain what it is, to have a better understanding of the points being made. In terms of the economy, left wing politics have the theory have John Keynes, who advocated for state intervention; having the central government intervening in the process of production in the economy, industrial democracy; which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace. Left-wing politics in terms of social consensus, it advocates for more of an egalitarian society; where there is no economic distinction among the citizens or workers in a society. They are all equal, and have all the same political, economic, social and civil rights. Even though, Hu go Chavez and his ideologies are on the left side of the political spectrum, the ideologies that make up the left side are not quite exercised through him. In fact it can be described that, â€Å"Chavismo†, is the on the â€Å"wrong left†. He is seen as a pivotal figure in promoting a sharp leftward shift in Latin American politics and has been criticized for his authoritarian tendencies. In the words of Jorge Castaà ±eda, â€Å"Chavismo† is the â€Å"wrong left† for Latin America. In other words, if something is not being exercised through power, the way how it should be done, it clearly has the wrong approach towards it. Hugo Chavez has done that mistake towards the left wing of his ideologies based on the quote above, for his authoritarian tendencies. The reason being, authoritarian tendencies are never accepted nor appreciated. â€Å"When that failed, he won power at the ballot box and is now approaching a decade in office. In that time, he has concentrated power, harassed opponents, punished reporters, persecuted civic organizations, and increased state control of the economy.† Sure, the leader gets what he wants yet there are no room for compromises, or expression of opinions or speech. If citizens cannot be stating their opinions or speeches, feel what they want to express, that very well undermines their rights. When such rights are undermined, for sure it is not a democracy yet it is very tyranny. If the citizen gets an opportunity to state how he or she feels about he state in public, having society to hear their thoughts, especially the media, the next step would be harassed and punished reporters, who did not talk in favour of their leader and not have anything nice to say about their leader, regardless of if he or she was a bad leader. In such case, the citizens is seen nothing higher than an animal, which does not talk to begin with. Furthermore, Chavismo is leaning towards the left. Socialism, Communism and Anarchism are often associated, which incorporates radical individualism. Such instances are often and associated with tyranny regimes. Where authoritarians and dictators use power in the wrong way and abuse such ideologies, and when theories like communism is supposedly meant for the greater good for individuals and societies alike, misuse is what often crops up. For an instance, extreme cases of misuse in power like in North Korea are a perfect example that goes hand in hand with the type of â€Å"left- wing ideology† that is being described. Its government is considered to be a Stalinist dictatorship, which is communism inspired, by Josef Stalin himself, who once ruled the Soviet Union with the socialist approach. Again, with a left-wing approach for the better of the individuals and society as a whole, democracy has no room to be measured, as to how much of it is actually used in the government, which leads to North Korea being one of the most authoritarian governments in the world. With North Korea having below the index of Democracy among the 167 nations across the world, Venezuela is not very far from i ts actions towards the people and immigrants of Venezuela. Report on Global Anti-Semitism. The report documents how openly anti-Semitic the Venezuelan government now is. Besides the raid on the Jewish school, it noted that President Chvez cautioned citizens against following the lead of Jewish citizens in the effort to overturn his referendum victory. Anti-Semitic leaflets also were available to the public in an Interior and Justice Ministry office waiting room. It looks like authoritarianism has a way with Jewish immigrants. Hitler felt they were a threat to his Third Reich, and the nation as a whole and started extermination camps to have them wept off the face of the earth. Hugo Chavez is on the same page as Hitler was; except Chavez was less determined as Hitler was, towards his goals. Nonetheless, if the Venezuelan government has led to the bullying of its Jewish populations, how far are they going to go? Discrimination is where it all starts, and that is what started to the much later and traumatizing Holocaust the Jews had went through under Hitler’s authoritarian regime. As the quote above mentions, Anti-Semitic leaflets are available to the public, spreading the word, or word of mouth is very key to have ones’ perception on something to change into something else and Hugo Chavez’s government is very well aware of that to back up their actions and discriminations against the Jews. To an extent, having an authoritarian government doesn’t mean it’s always going to bad or hell for the citizens that resides in the such state. If the leader or the authoritarian is a real character of having to implement social and economic structure for the good of his or her nation, why would it be bad? After all, the leader is making full use of his or her power, where what he or she says is the law, not having to pass legislations through their cabinets, not having to wait on votes for motions to pass though, or if worse comes to worse, the opposition rejecting such good laws and have the good intentions go down the drain. What they say, is what happens, and in such cases hoping the best for one’s nation is never wrong. Having a left-wing ideology to change the nation is a bonus for the nation. Socialism and lastly communism, is what leaders like Hugo Chavez yearn for, having a nation where there are neither rich nor poor, everyone is equal. Of course such t heory will always sound good, but also, sound too good to be true. Hugo Chavez, with his Chavismo ideology, wants the Venezuelans to all be protagonists of each of their own lives. Have them to prosper, have them to be equal from one another, have them to be the subjects and not objects; not always having to work for themselves in a hard labour environment, with wage labour especially. â€Å"The Chavez governments pledge to advance the revolutionary process through radical democratic means can be explained by its resolve to construct a society that allows Venezuelans to become protagonists or subjects and not just objects of the transformation. It is recognized that Venezuelans will develop the capacities and attitudes necessary for socialism only through practice.† Sure, there is no democratic practice, where the citizens of the state do not have to choose who they would to elect to lead and prosper their state, but why should they need to have rights to vote when the leader himself will take good care of the people, especially through an ideology of Chavismo, where Chavez only wants the best for his nation and his people as a whole. When the word authoritarian arises, one word that might arise simultaneously would be corruption. So what is corruption? In this context, politically speaking, corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. With the greed of power, and misuse of power, comes corruption. â€Å"The executive branch also acquired control over the National Electoral Council (CNE), the body that governs electoral affairs. For the first time in Venezuelas democratic history, doubts began to arise concerning the fairness of electoral rule.† It was mentioned and asked upon earlier, what is the point of having elections and trick the citizens of the state in having them to exercise their democratic rights, or so they think, when the opposition is highly unlikely going to win when the same man is repeatedly in power. Well, the quote above can best be described in such case, brought up earlier and now. If the executive branch of the state has acquired control of the National Electoral Council, why would or how could the opposition or anyone opposing to win against him or her in power presently. To make things worse yet, at the same time to have some sort of light shed on the issue, were all the elections fair and square then? After all, political competition is the reason why the people are voting. It is based on how well the politician has grasped the citizens attentions, how well the leader has achieved his or her goals is what determines if they are ready to be accepted in power again and again. It must be the power of c orruption, to have control over the electoral bodies and win all the time, so that personal gains can be achieved by having themselves placed in office. Hence, there is no point of having society to believe in democracy or have them to believe they have rights in choosing who their leader is. Another prime example, of how well corruption can determine one’s entrance into power is through selling out the votes. If votes are sold, why worry about losing in a political election battle. Of course, the people would want better lives in Venezuela, better or even higher standard of living than what they have with Hugo Chavez at the present time, yet Chavez, being an authoritarian he is, having the greed and hunger for power over and over again in office, can make the people happy through his way of corruption. â€Å"State spending is born from democratic pressures (heightened political competition), but beyond a certain threshold of irregularity, it begins to undermine democratic institutions, creating a playing field that is far from level. Spending has given the Venezuelan government an advantage in competing for votes: The opposition campaigns with words; the state, with words plus money.† All the opposition can do really is, getting the word out. What is their agenda, how they plan to change the nation and make it different from Hugo Chavez’s regime and what they planning on changing it to, if someone like Hugo Chavez have been in power for many years, yet with an authoritarian approach. Whereas, the state, in this Hugo Chavez himself, running for presidency again and to make sure he secures a good majority of the votes that paves his arrival back into the office, one opportunity is to acquire control of the electoral council and two have money talk. Pay the voters and make sure his votes are secured. Hugo Chavez must have life pretty easy as he wants it to, by having to win the elections with almost no opposition, getting what he desires based on his political agenda of his authoritarian regime, oppressing freedom of speech and freedom of press in that sense, can pretty much take Venezuela to wherever he wants on the map, with his â€Å"left-wing†, or his Chavismo ideology. Claiming to have Bolivarian Socialism , as the 21st century socialism, a definition of socialism to help the poor, in which he has succeeded, as the supporters and fans of his are mostly the poor and the les cared in the streets of Venezuela. Sure he’s got schools for the less fortunate kids, and less fortunate mothers making money as single mothers and house wives as their primary job. It is definiatly not a radical democracy; what other rights does his nation have? It is another authoritarian regime headed by a powerful man, Hugo Chavez. With the way things have gone, and going Venezuela is no where near the real left wing political ideology, of Socialism. Bibliography Venezuelas Participatory Socialism Burbach, Roger; Pineiro, Camila Socialism and Democracy, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 181-200, Nov 2007 informaworld.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/smpp/section?content=a783592192fulltext=713240928 Populism and Foreign Policy in Venezuela and Iran Dodson, Michael; Dorraj, Manochehr The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 71-87, Winter-Spring 2008 ciaonet.org.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/journals/shjdir/v9i1/f_0016623_14365.pdf Chavezs Venezuela Gonson, Paul Current History, vol. 105, no. 688, pp. 58-63, February 2006 http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/pqdlink?Ver=1Exp=12-03-2014FMT=7DID=986385851RQT=309clientId=5220- Hurricane Hugo: Venezuelas Hugo Chavez is a threat to more than just his own people Author Halvorssen, Thor Source Weekly Standard, vol. 10, no. 44, pp. 25-27, August 8 2005 http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/pqdlink?Ver=1Exp=12-03-2014FMT=7DID=879517301RQT=309clientId=5220 Hugo Boss Corrales, Javier Foreign Policy, no. 152, pp. 32-40, January/February 2006 http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/pqdlink?vinst=PRODfmt=3startpage=-1ver=1clientid=5220vname=PQDRQT=309did=960626551exp=12-05-2014scaling=FULLvtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1260152182clientId=5220 Research Papers on The 'Bolivarian Revolution' in VenezuelaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaWhere Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Ethical Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Leadership - Assignment Example Using good leadership skills to show good business ethics can greatly contribute to building of a team culture of the business. It also provides a good measurable benchmarks for business employees to follow as the make independent decisions relating to the business duties. Every individual has an equal right to basic liberty and that there are some freedoms and rights that are very much important than others. This concept of justice is developed from the perspective that every individual is free and equal (Huhtala, Kangas, Là ¤msà ¤, & Feldt, 2013). Their freedom is characterized by their possession of moral powers that is a capacity for a sense of justice and for a conception of the good. The sense of justice is the ability to understand the applications of fairness from the public conception of justice which characterized the fair term of cooperation. This sense demonstrates the willingness to act in relation to others in a way that they can also publicly endorse. Huhtala, M., Kangas, M., Là ¤msà ¤, A.-M., & Feldt, T. (2013). Ethical managers in ethical organisations? the leadership-culture connection among finnish managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(3),

The Global Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Global Financial Crisis - Essay Example Firstly, the credit crisis played a significant role in determining the global financial crisis. Kolb (2010), brings out the point that, as at mid 2007, a great number of investors in the USA had lost trust in the value of mortgages as the government had offered loans to too many people that could not manage paying back the debts. In response, liquidity was evident, which resulted to the US disbursing more funds to the financial market. By 2008, the situation worsened, as the stock markets had totally disintegrated. Nanto (2009) argues that the stock markets were extremely unstable. For fear of the worst, the investors did not have any trust in the government and opted to withdraw. This argument concurs with that of Keynes theory that specified that, spending by the government is the major reason behind UK’s crisis. In the case of employment, Keynes (2006) reported that employment rates increase the amount of spending and that wages must be kept constant. Secondly, yet another factor that led to global financial crisis is that, the US government had granted loans to many individuals, even those who could not pay the debts, which put the market at a higher risk of collapsing. Igan et al (2010) uttered that the value of the mortgages dropped with the borrowers being left with losses to count. The banks were faced with a lot of deficits to deal with, forcing them to repossess their assets that were of lesser value. Chacko et al. (2011) attribute excessive lending to the major contributor of the global crisis, as the banks found it tasking to deal with the liquidity issue, and the low lending rates due to misappropriate lending by the banks. Lack of proper regulation measures in terms of lending - unethical behavior, cost the globe financial crisis that could not be solved in a day. It is vital that Fredrick’s thoughts are applied in the case of solving the crisis in UK. In his work, he notes prices must be well monitored so as to avoid inflation in a country. However, his thoughts do not match with those of Friedman (2004) who believes in a free market, devoid of barriers from the government. Thirdly, the collapse of Lehman Brothers on 14th September, 2008, marked a new phase of the financial crisis (Savona, Kirton & Oldani, 2011). Due to their collapse, net capital inflows in the financial market reduced, as well as in the domestic stock markets. Griffiths &Wall (2008) attest to the fact that, the concerned governments, just like business economics states, had to come up with solutions to rescue their financial institutions. The housing and stock markets were in a terrible situation. Furthermore, Doyle (2008) notes that, though the Lehman failure had no direct implication on the domestic financial status, massive changes were experienced in the external market status. Large capital outflows were experienced, external commercial borrowings decreased, and acquiring credits became more difficult. Statler & Shrivastava (2012) reve aled that by December 2008, the US reserves recorded losses of an approximate thirty three billion from fifty four billion. On another point of view, Aizenman & Jinjarak (2010) emphasized that UK is one of the countries at its peak in terms of spending on reducing the impacts of the 2008 crisis. The government employed the fiscal policy approaches in an endeavor to handle the crisis, as well as a free floating exchange rate to curb inflation. Maximilian (2009) accentuated that fiscal policies spare the country from a decrease in the demand for domestic goods. The UK government in addition, reduced its expenditures and increased the taxes from seventeen

Caroll is a subsidiary

Caroll is a subsidiary Introduction Caroll is a subsidiary of the Vivarte group since 1988. This brand is one of the ready-to-wear sectors successes, which has been known and appreciated by many women for over 40 years. Caroll is particularly renowned for the quality of its products. With over 350 stores, about 100 of which are abroad Caroll is a brand that is ever growing both in France and internationally. Carolls culture is based on a shared brand vision:  § Strong product identity,  § A high degree of adaptability,  § An innovative brand/distributor concept. The companys niche was knitwear only. The 1970s were boom years! In the 1980s, Caroll began to evolve†¦In 1980, it added a ready-to-wear collection and its first franchise shops in France. In 1984, Caroll opened its first branch shops. Four years later, Caroll International was listed on the stock exchange and the Andrà © group, which was to become Vivarte in 2001, purchased a large share in the company. The 1990s were revolutionary! In 1994, Caroll International defined a new positioning for itself, creating the â€Å"Caroll Paris† brand and introducing new strategies with a view to becoming a key player in the world of fashion, for a targeted yet sizeable female clientele, well informed and with high standards. In just a few years, Caroll International succeeded in completely changing its image and significantly increased its market share. After having transformed its network in France, Caroll International began to expand in other countries in 1997. Since 2000, Caroll has strengthened its image by taking on a huge challenge: the application of luxury codes to distribution. With a wealth of experience in its sector, the Brand is now particularly appreciated for the quality of its products, its expertise and its style. Part One: Marketing Audit A. Corporate Level 1. The company mission Caroll has its styling bureau in Paris. This bureau detects trends and creates collections it able to react quickly and design new products. Caroll missions are to design fashion clothes women, staying at the top of the fashion each seasons. The second mission is to sell this clothes and accessories by franchising new shops all around the world. 2. Company objectives goals In order to faced with constantly evolving fashion, Caroll has chosen to continuously renew itself and launch new models, new colours throughout the season. The goal is to keep up with the latest looks. Caroll has to answer to the women wants. So, clothes are perfectly cut, the choice materials are an important part of its renewed. Caroll doesnt offers only clothes fashion, it also sells accessories: scarves, jewellery, belts, bags, shoes, etc. B. Marketing Mix: 4 Ps  § Product: Caroll has a large range of products. All the products are based on three same styles that are based on the â€Å"details finishing† and the â€Å"high quality material† used. The silhouettes are really important: o 3 trends o 3 styles o 3 lines All the products shapes are well defined and cut in chosen materials, which offers a very elegant to order outfits. Caroll collection:  § Blouses  § Coats  § Dresses  § Jackets  § Pants  § Skirts  § Sweaters The Accessoires:  § Bags  § Jewels  § Stole Carolls activity is based on stitch and the brand has successfully diversified its product thanks to chain and weft. Its a great benefit for the brand because it allows to sell more products. In other words a customer comes into a shop with the idea to find a coat. But when the customer comes out the shop sure he buys a coat but he already leaves the shop with several accessories. Caroll knows how work with noble material like silk or Kashmir. Colours are also important because the brand has created specific range of colours. More than that with an international implantation the firm has to be aware of the cultural importance accorded to colours and she is. Caroll answers every women need or desire â€Å"clothes† â€Å"accessories†. The range of product is large and diversified: this is a good way to attract more and more customers and to enlarge at the maximum the profile of customers. But the range can be â€Å"City†, â€Å"Sportswear† or â€Å"Diva† it is always quite classical and modern. So every woman customers who belong to the middle class who like fashion and style can be seduce by Carolls products.  § Price: Caroll launches large range of price in order to attract every woman with a middle purchasing power. In that way the price is adapted to the purchasing power of customers. The price is totally in correlation with the target customers. Caroll is offering a good quality-price ratio. Place At the beginning, Caroll sold its products in retail shops. They start to open Caroll franchises in 1980. The decoration is simple but stylish to give an atmosphere of elegance. The stores are whites, black and grey. Those three colours are the symbol of sophistication and chic. In France, you can find the Caroll store in â€Å"chic† places; for example you will find a store in Paris Rue Vaugirard which is a street know for it chic stores. Places have to be on the same line that style of the stores. In France, Caroll possesses 70 stores which makes France the first place implantation (in terms of numbers of stores). The second one is Spain. The brand is also represented in Japan, Lebanon, Portugal, Martinique, Reunion Island, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia We can say that Caroll is already internationally well developed, with shops in many countries and in the most European Capital! Promotion Caroll communicates through well-know press magazine like  « Biba  »,  « Glamour  »,  « Mme Figaro  »,  « Marie-Claire  »,  « Gala  »,  « Elle, Marie-France  ». Those are French magazine for woman readers aged between 25 and 35 years old. That shows that Caroll targeted a special group of woman. The SWOT Analysis underline that Caroll has a strong experience in international market. One of the main opportunities for Caroll is that this brand profit from the Glamour image of Paris. Despite the international crisis the growth rate in developing country is stile positive (the Chinese growth rate objective for 2009 is 8%). So it exist strong opportunities for an implantation of the brand in developing country and especially in China. For instance the Chinese middle class is not able to buy the Caroll s clothes but more than 10% of Chinese have a purchasing power equal of European countries. So it represents at least more than 100 millions people. And in a close future it will touch much more. Caroll has to develop a strong communication with a good marketing strategy. But the Chinese market has its own cultural specificity and the company Caroll has to be conscious of that. D. Market Positioning E. Boston Matrix If we take a look at the three Carolls division, Clothes, Accessories, and customized Services, we can see that the first department generates the cash that is used to pay the several costs of the company, the salaries, taxes, supplier, etc. It means that the cash created is used for â€Å"the daily work† (or short term). The growth rate of Caroll is almost the same as the sector level. Accessories and bags also generate cash and have a higher growth rate than the clothes sector. The level of cash generated is lower but those products are the best growth of the brand. The return on investment is high for the stars and for the cash cow products. But actually the customized service does not have a lot of market share and the activity is decreasing. The Question Mark, it linked with the special materials that they are using. For example the silk which is used for a specific range of clothes. But this specific range is a trend and the special materials are not gone be used next season (or trend). Thats why they have to be aware of new trends and anticipate them in order to adapt materials to the future trends. Part Two: External Audit A. Chinese Colours Analysis The I-Ching regards black as Heavens colour. White represented gold and symbolized brightness, purity, and fulfilment. White also is the colour of mourning. The Chinese people, both ancient and modern, cherish the colour red. Red is everywhere during Chinese New Year and other holidays and family gatherings for it symbolizes good fortune and joy. Blue-green indicates spring when everything overflows with vigour and vitality. Yellow symbolizes the earth. The old saying, Yellow generates Yin and Yang, meant that yellow is the center of everything. Colour embodies an even richer culture in Chinese folk traditions. Yellow is the colour for emperors. Yellow often decorates royal palaces, altars and temples. So Carolls main problem is the colour that they are used normally for the brand. And black and white clothes are not a good colour code for Chinese implementation. To conclude Caroll has tow choices. They can adapt colours clothes to Chinese taste or it can count on the western countries fashion influence. Another option is to use both colours style. Of course this colour positioning will be the most expensive strategic choice. Thats why Caroll has to really take into account the cultural differences! Maybe hire local employee in order to create the most adapted range of product is the best option that they have to minimize risk of mistakes. B. Chinese Population evolution 2006 The age pyramid in 2006 shows that people between 25 and 49 years old represent the most important part of the Chinese population. It is exactly the target that Caroll has. C. Chinese Key figures One person on five of the planet is a Chinese. China counts more than 20 metropolises of more than 5 millions inhabitants. With 752 millions active Chinese, China is a reservoir of inexhaustible manpower. The current income per inhabitant is 1090 dollars (100th world rank) but increases very fast. 300 000 Chinese have a heritage exceeding 1 million dollars. China: 651 TV channel and 1000 radio stations. It is the 2nd market behind the United States. D. Carolls Target Caroll has an advantage it is a French brand. French brands are known as good taste in term of fashion. Chinese women like the â€Å"French Touch† so a French brand has a crucial advantage in comparison with non-French competitors. French clothes in Chinese women mind means: fashion, good quality. Actually, in China the middle class represents 80 millions persons. But in 2010 the Chinese middle class will represents more than 200 millions people! A huge and wide market in constant growth is opening for Caroll. According to the national office of Chinas government statistics the income of the Chinese population doubled between the year 2002 and 2006, evolving from 1.100 dollars to 2.010 dollars. More precisely Caroll segment is composed by active woman. These women have between 25 and 40 years old. They are described as active woman working in megalopolis cities. F. Porters Five Forces   Threats of new Entrants: Threats for Caroll to be faced with new competitors are high. As every one knows China is gone be the first world economy. More than that we have to bear in mind that one person on six of the world population is Chinese. In that way China is a new market opportunity and Carolls company is not in a situation of monopole. New inteznatà »Ãƒ ¿nao entranus hmve clso the0wil|ingness to takea syt in th} Chonese market. Move dungerous its the apparitionand$devmlopment,of à ½ocal fià ¶m!  ­But$Caro}~owinnovmotioon{liwuesringosladvcntages wo fight#new0gntsant'{ukh as: †¢+Absoluto cost aovantage†¢ Qrop{ietiv}p{owwwu~ve— Acessto }otwus†¢ Governmeà ¾v policy†¢ economie{ ofscale †¢!Capktal,reqy{emn}OÃâ€"Branà ¤$identià ´{  ­Bargainyno sowev of#Suppliess: If?Caroll necives wocwrk tive{tywwitx {hingsw wu|poiur{ yn5ordgr,for e}amp|ebto reduce the costs of transportation, the branf willbm gboe to reduce the products price in order to be equal to$the price market. Indeed working with the local supplier pezmkts o.rudco many costs and most of all to satisfy at best thu gustomers needs. There are a lot of potential Chinese supplie~s, so Carlo will be in a strong bargaining power compare to suwpoiwrw.$ oBwyerlPowerz The Carolls target is, at the launching ofthe%braodbin China, working women with a high purchesing power.pB}t-rap{dmy`witl uhg mconomic g~owth of China, more and more women would be able to buy Caroll clothes. So rapidly what was a niche market for Caroll will began a mass market. Threat of substitutes products: Clothes dont have threat to see enter substitutes products. Everybody needs clothes. But there is an important phenomenon that is counterfeiting. Chinese have a strong knowledge on counterfeiting. Chinese industry is known to copy everything especially clothes, shoes and accessories. The main risk for Caroll is to see its product ranged copied and sold at a very low price. Caroll rivalry among firms: In China Carolls main competitor is Alain Manoukian who is well established. Other fashion houses are also present. Caroll might find it hard at first, it will have to convince the Chinese customer of the quality of the product and also underline the French aspect of the range since the Chinese is very fond of French fashion. Part Three: Caroll Strategic Marketing Plan A. Product Caroll has to base his marketing product on developing special colours for Chinese woman. Caroll style is based on elegance and simplicity and the new products have to have the French Touch in order to seduce Chinese woman. They have to do marketing research on the customs, traditions and religion of Chinese people in order to avoid intercultural problems and sales decrease. The most positive colour is red so Caroll should develop a red range of clothes. Despite the superstition, black is getting more and more popular thanks to the western influence. The white colours should also be avoided in order to stay away issues on sales. The environment analysis shows us that Caroll should also take care of the climate that changes from one region to another. B. Price Caroll has to adapt its products prices according to the target. So to begin the brand should keep a high price to attract women with a high purchasing power. But rapidly (Less than 10 years) Caroll could get more customers thanks to China growth. This country will get more women with middle class purchasing power. So in order to catch this new population, Caroll could decrease a little the range price. C. Place / Distribution How to choose the opening of Caroll stores? One answer is based on the repartition of the population according to the purchasing power. A map of the different density can help Caroll to decide where to implement their store. China has an important density in the big cities like shanghai, Beijing, Canton, Hong- Kong, Schuan, Henan and Shenzhen. The east coast of China is the must interested part of china because the middle class population is there concentred. In the close future, the middle-class population will migrate to the big metropolis cities and a new class will appear. This target is the key success of the next five years. In the rest of China the population is very scattered. Opening stores there will be a waste of time and money. People are poor and are not very concerned by fashion. In China the most famous distributor place is mall, which is an American influence. As a result, Caroll should open its store in this mall in the biggest cities of the East cost. These malls create a fashion image and Caroll positioning will be higher. The target chosen is the common customer in those shopping centres. A French brand in this shopping place is certain to find the clients. It is a trendy place where the French touch will be appreciated. Chinese customers will be curious about a new brand of quality. Maybe Caroll could create a partnership with Carrefour (a French hypermarket group). The idea is quite simple, open stores in these hypermarket areas (not all off them of course). Hypermarket attracts people and Carrefour is actually well implanted in China. But these establishments could be harmful for the â€Å"Chic† image of Caroll†¦ Stores As we know Caroll stores decoration is white and grey. We saw that those colours are negative in the Chinese customers minds. The best colours could be red and black, we also saw that black is getting used and the negative impression decreased. Logistic organisation The production centre has to be in a city very accessible by airport or boat. The city has to be in the middle of the east cost in a city like Shanghais. The goods redistribution will be easier and also reduce costs. A study has to be made considering the local rent, the transportation plan, and the place of the different store. D. Promotion / Advertising In France, Caroll only uses magazine. In China, the company has to advertise a lot more because the brand is not very known. At first I think that the objective is to be known! The brand should use television ad, and continue the press magazine. Woman from Chinese middle class love read press magazine. The first store opening has to be a big event as Louis Vuitton, Caroll should organize a big private sales and a big party to promote the brand. To be well known in China, the TV campaign has to be strong at the launch of the brand. Caroll can also communicate trough billboard and trough Internet. Today feminine web sites are very developed and advertising in those sites is a good way to touch a lot of potential customers. The campaign has to be class by showing a group of modern workingwoman wearing Caroll outfits. The group will be composed on European and Chinese woman working together and having fun together. The ad message is that everywhere in the world, at work, or during the night, all nationality girls can were Caroll and be class during all day long. The ad will be in Chinese with French subtitles for example. Conclusion Even if the potential target is now small (a niche), we can forecast that in ten years, the middle class will have a purchase power multiplied by ten. So, it seems profitable to target this audience right now in order to be an established brand in couple of years. Especially in this case the marketing function is a determinant point of the long term strategy for Caroll. The company will also have to be cautious concerning the market environment and not enter it without studying the culture closer, the political environment†¦ The brand will have to adapt its products if it wants to answer the customers needs. Not only will it have to adapt its products, but it will also have to invest in advertising. Communicating the brand through specialized magazine will not be enough to gain notoriety, bill boarding, posters in bus stops and in subways, would be the best way to introduce the brand. This major advertising campaign should take place before Caroll opens its first shop. Endorsement will also be very important to implant the brand rapidly. There is no reason that Caroll should not succeed in the Chinese middle class market, because its competitor Alain Manoukian is well-established! à ° Caroll does a good marketing strategic choice to launch its brand in China and if the marketing mix is well respected, Caroll will have good opportunities to be present in Asia the future biggest continent in term of economy. Bibliography http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/anim/pop_ani.htm http://www.sinoptic.ch/textes/articles/2007/2007_Projection.population.Chine.pdf http://www.caroll.com/ http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/ansoff/ http://www.12manage.com/methods_porter_five_forces_fr.html http://www.marketing-etudiant.fr/ http://www.societe.com http://goliath.ecnext.com http://www.transnationale.org http://chineseculture.about.com/ http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/businessculture.html

Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers

I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on. Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on.